TY - JOUR
T1 - Sense of Filial Obligation and Caregiving Burdens Among Chinese Immigrants in the United States
AU - Guo, Man
AU - Kim, Sohyun
AU - Dong, Xin Qi
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 The American Geriatrics Society
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Focusing on Chinese immigrants, this study examined (1) whether filial obligation, the core social norm in the Chinese culture, is related to caregiving burdens; and (2) whether level of acculturation of the caregivers moderates the above relationships. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Chicago, Illinois. PARTICIPANTS: A purposive sample of 393 Chinese adult immigrants who were primary caregivers of parents aged 60 years or older. MEASURES: Sense of filial obligation was captured by felt responsibility toward parents in six domains (respect, make happy, care, greet, obey, and provide financial support). Caregiving burdens were measured by the Caregiver Burden Inventory. Acculturation was measured by 12 questions about respondents' language preference in different settings and ethnicity of individuals they interact with. RESULTS: A stronger sense of filial obligation was significantly associated with lower levels of developmental (β = −.15), emotional (β = −.18), social (β = −.20), and physical (β = −.10) burdens. For subjective burdens (developmental, social burdens), such a protective effect of filial obligation was stronger among caregivers with lower acculturation levels. For more objective burdens (time-dependent, physical burdens), stronger filial obligation was actually associated with greater burdens among caregivers with higher acculturation levels. CONCLUSION: Programs focusing on celebrating the cultural heritage of immigrants and improving the relationship between the parents and children may be helpful to reduce caregiving burdens. Intervention programs that help Chinese immigrant caregivers to find the most appropriate way to balance traditional and new social norms are important to provide successful care to aging Chinese immigrants. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:S564–S570, 2019.
AB - BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Focusing on Chinese immigrants, this study examined (1) whether filial obligation, the core social norm in the Chinese culture, is related to caregiving burdens; and (2) whether level of acculturation of the caregivers moderates the above relationships. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Chicago, Illinois. PARTICIPANTS: A purposive sample of 393 Chinese adult immigrants who were primary caregivers of parents aged 60 years or older. MEASURES: Sense of filial obligation was captured by felt responsibility toward parents in six domains (respect, make happy, care, greet, obey, and provide financial support). Caregiving burdens were measured by the Caregiver Burden Inventory. Acculturation was measured by 12 questions about respondents' language preference in different settings and ethnicity of individuals they interact with. RESULTS: A stronger sense of filial obligation was significantly associated with lower levels of developmental (β = −.15), emotional (β = −.18), social (β = −.20), and physical (β = −.10) burdens. For subjective burdens (developmental, social burdens), such a protective effect of filial obligation was stronger among caregivers with lower acculturation levels. For more objective burdens (time-dependent, physical burdens), stronger filial obligation was actually associated with greater burdens among caregivers with higher acculturation levels. CONCLUSION: Programs focusing on celebrating the cultural heritage of immigrants and improving the relationship between the parents and children may be helpful to reduce caregiving burdens. Intervention programs that help Chinese immigrant caregivers to find the most appropriate way to balance traditional and new social norms are important to provide successful care to aging Chinese immigrants. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:S564–S570, 2019.
KW - Chinese
KW - caregiving burden
KW - cultural context
KW - ethnic minority
KW - filial piety
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U2 - 10.1111/jgs.15735
DO - 10.1111/jgs.15735
M3 - Article
C2 - 31403202
AN - SCOPUS:85070460970
SN - 0002-8614
VL - 67
SP - S564-S570
JO - Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
JF - Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
ER -